Evidence for repeated re‐activation of old landslides under forest     

M. Van Den Eeckhaut  B. Muys  K. Van Loy  J. Poesen  H. Beeckman 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(3):352-365

Local reactivations of landslides in forests are rarely reported in landslide catalogues. The occurrence of hillslope sections with fresh morphological landslide features in forested old, deep‐seated landslides, however, suggests that landslide reactivations are not restricted to residential areas. In this study, a dendrogeomorphological analysis of beech stands was used to investigate the periods of reactivation of a deep‐seated rotational slide in the Koppenberg forest (Flemish Ardennes, Belgium). The relation to rainfall and the correspondence to landslide reactivations reported in a nearby built‐up area were also analysed. A dendrometrical study preceding the dendrochronological analysis proved that, compared with the nearby reference site, trees on the Koppenberg forest landslide site were significantly more inclined and showed more knees, indicating that the landslide site has not stabilized yet. As the sampled trees are younger than the landslide, dendrochronology did not allow determination of the year in which the landslide was initiated, but analysis of two different tree ring width parameters (i.e. ring eccentricity and growth change) calculated for trees sampled on the Koppenberg landslide and the reference site proved to be of great help in determining the temporal sequence of landslide reactivation. During the past 80 years, several periods indicative of local reactivations (i.e. 1943–1945, 1949–1952, 1967–1970, 1972–1977, 1979–1981, 1988–1997) were found within the investigated landslide, but delineation of the spatial extent of the reactivations during these indicative periods was not straightforward. These periods generally correspond to years with above‐average rainfall. Finally, the fact that at least 34% of the years indicative of reactivation of the Koppenberg forest landslide correspond to a year in which a landslide reactivation was reported in the Flemish Ardennes suggests that in built‐up areas, apart from anthropogenic interventions, natural triggering factors remain very important. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

利用树轮重建九房山滑坡活动年份     

洪婷  白世彪  王建  张志刚 《山地学报》2012,(1):57-64

理解地貌过程以及认识过去灾害发生的频率,是自然灾害风险评价的重要任务。树木年轮由于其具有定年准确、连续性强、分辨率高和易于复本等特点,近年来被用到恢复过去灾害发生的时间。随着滑坡、泥石流等山地地质灾害性事件发生频率的增加,地质灾害风险管理和评价受到了越来越多的关注。在样品量足够的前提下,树木年轮方法可以精确地确定滑坡事件发生的年份。以甘肃南部武都区外纳乡的九房山滑坡为研究对象,利用树木年轮分析方法对该滑坡的灾害事件发生的时间进行了初步的研究。结果显示:1.树木年轮样品在1980—1982年,1984—1987年以及1991-1993年都出现了年轮宽度迅速减小或者迅速增加的现象。本研究将1980—1982年,1984—1987年以及1991—1993年定为滑坡活动年份,其中1992年和1993年的滑坡与当地记载的滑坡年份一致。强降水,地震影响以及不合理的灌溉活动都可能导致滑坡的复活,但降雨仍是导致九房山滑坡复活的重要因素。2.树木年轮样品中出现的偏心木和伪轮现象也是对滑坡灾害发生的佐证,说明受到滑坡灾害的影响,树木的生长环境发生了改变。  相似文献   

基于SINMAP模型的区域滑坡危险性定量评估及模型验证   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

武利 《地理与地理信息科学》2012,28(2):35-39,113

利用稳定态水文学理论与无限斜坡稳定性模型,构建分布式斜坡稳定性定量评估模型SINMAP,以坡体滑塌十分发育的陕西省略阳县为试验区,利用Grid DEM提取坡度、流向、地形湿度指数和有效汇水面积等流域地形水文数据,将GIS专题图、遥感数据等作为模型输入数据,获得地表斜坡稳定性分级专题图,实现滑坡危险性定量评估;将模型模拟结果与目前国内最具有权威性的中国县(市)地质灾害调查结果进行对比分析,发现两者在稳定性分级标准划分、滑坡点定性评价、滑坡危险性分区等方面都具有很好的相似性和可比性,说明模型的模拟结果能够客观反映研究区地表滑坡危险性,对可能出现的滑坡具有一定的预测精度。因此,该模型的研究有望为定量分析区域滑坡与环境因子的关系、区域滑坡预测等工作奠定基础。  相似文献   

A case study of coping strategies and landslides in two villages of Central-Eastern Nepal     

Karen Sudmeier-Rieux  Stephanie Jaquet 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):680-690

Landslides are an increasing problem in Nepal’s Middle Hills due to both natural and human phenomena: mainly increasingly intense monsoon rains and a boom in rural road construction. This problem has largely been neglected due to underreporting of losses and the dispersed nature of landslides. Understanding how populations cope with landslides is a first step toward developing more effective landslide risk management programs. The present research focuses on two villages in Central-Eastern Nepal, both affected by active landslides but with different coping strategies. Research methods are interdisciplinary, based on a geological assessment of landslide risk and a socio-economic study of the villages using household questionnaires, focus group discussions and transect walks. Community risk maps are compared with geological landslide risk maps to better understand and communicate community risk perceptions, priorities and coping strategies. A modified typology of coping strategies is presented, based on previous work by Burton, Kates, and White (1993) that is useful for decision-makers for designing more effective programs for landslide mitigation. Main findings underscore that coping strategies, mainly seeking external assistance and outmigration, are closely linked to access to resources, ethnicity/social status and levels of community organization. Conclusions include the importance of investing in organizational skills, while building on local knowledge about landslide mitigation for reducing landslide risk. There is great potential to increase coping strategies by incorporating skills training on landslide mitigation in existing agricultural outreach and community forest user group training.  相似文献   

analyses on the triggering facrors of large quantities of landslides in the upper reaches of the minjiang river,sichuan province     

LI Yan-hao  JIANG Han-chao  XU Hong-yan  LIANG Lian-ji 《地震地质》2015,37(4):1147-1161

Over the past geological and historical period, tens of thousands of landslides occurred in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, an area which is characterized by alpine valleys and has been densely populated over the past several hundreds of years. Discussing the triggering factor of these landslides is of great significance to geological hazard mitigation and prevention in this region. In this paper, we focus on four aspects of regional rainfall, shape features of landslide slopes, the corresponding relationship between landslide area and earthquake magnitude, and the recurring features of the reconstructed palaeoearthquake record at Diexi. Compared with those in Nepal, both mean seasonal rainfall accumulation and mean daily rainfall for the past 30 years are too low to reach the threshold values triggering landslides in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. Secondly, landslides in the study area are usually absent of inner gorges(canyon topography)on the hillslope toes, which are confirmed in previous studies as typical features of landslides triggered by storms. Thirdly, wide distribution of the landslides in the study area supports our notion of earthquake-triggering because the landslides triggered by storms commonly distribute locally. Fourthly, periodicity analysis of the reconstructed palaeoearthquake record at Diexi provides a few cycles of twenty to thirty years, possibly corresponding to the earthquakes of magnitudes>5.0 or 5.5 which are believed to have caused soft-sediment deformation in the study area. In contrast, like the 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, the average recurrence interval of the large earthquakes in the study area is 2.6ka. They caused tens of thousands of landslides and provided more coarse silt particles for the nearby lake sediments at least in 330 years for each time. This is consistent with exponential increase of earthquake magnitude from large to medium and of the landslide area with the increased earthquake magnitude. To sum up, we suggest that tens of thousands of landslides in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River were most likely triggered by earthquakes instead of storms. This preliminary viewpoint needs further examination in the future.  相似文献   

云南鲁甸M_S6.5地震红石岩滑坡稳定性的数值模拟     

陈晓利  常祖峰  王昆 《地震地质》2015,37(1)

2014年8月3日鲁甸MS6.5地震触发了大量的滑坡崩塌,其中,位于鲁甸县李家山村和巧家县红石岩村交界处的牛栏江干流北岸的红石岩滑坡规模巨大,与此处位于左岸的红石岩古滑坡体的前缘部分一起堵塞了牛栏江而形成高达120m、体积达1 200×104m3的大型堰塞体。通过震后开展的野外实地调查,获得了红石岩滑坡发生处的地形地貌、地质构造、岩体结构及物质组成等资料。以这些第一手资料为基础,构建了红石岩滑坡的边坡模型,并应用边坡稳定性分析软件Geo Studio中Slope/W模块分别计算了红石岩滑坡体震前坡体安全系数和地震作用下的坡体安全系数。结果表明,红石岩滑坡体发生处的坡体安全系数在地震前为1.450,处于相对稳定状态,而鲁甸地震的地震动作用则使坡体的安全系数降低至0.962,直接导致红石岩坡体的失稳。文中进一步讨论了坡体滑动面的存在与否对坡体稳定性的影响:安全系数计算的结果表明,在中强地震作用下,先存滑动面的存在是导致大型滑坡形成的重要条件;对于高陡岩质边坡,如果没有先存滑动面,只可能形成浅表性滑坡。  相似文献   

2014年云南鲁甸地震和景谷地震的震害对比研究          下载免费PDF全文

洪海春  尤捷  陶小三  王恒知 《地震工程学报》2015,37(4):1013-1022

2014年8月3日云南鲁甸发生MS6.5地震,10月7日云南景谷发生MS6.6地震。这2次地震的震级、地震类型、震源深度等相差不大,但地震所造成的人员伤亡、房屋建筑损毁程度、地震地质灾害等却相差很大。在地震现场调查资料的基础上,对比分析地震造成的崩塌、滑坡、地裂缝、砂土液化、房屋建筑损毁等灾害轻重差别的主要原因。研究表明,鲁甸地震灾区地质构造复杂,地层破碎,人口密度大,房屋建筑抗震性能差;而景谷地震灾区地质环境较好,植被茂密,人口密度低,相比同量级地震的加速度小,房屋建筑结构抗震性能较好。总体而言,鲁甸MS6.5地震的震害比景谷MS6.6地震要严重得多。  相似文献   

平推式滑坡运动距离计算模型     

唐然  许强  吴斌  范宣梅 《岩土力学》2018,39(3):1009-1019

平推式滑坡是四川盆地红层地区和三峡库区普遍存在的一类十分特殊的滑坡。多发育于近水平砂、泥岩互层的斜坡中,岩层倾角一般仅3°～5°,最陡者也不超过10°。基于平推式滑坡的地质力学模型及运动过程分析,利用能量守恒的原理推导了平推式滑坡运动距离的理论计算公式。进行了3组物理模型模拟试验,第Ⅰ组试验模拟滑坡后部裂缝在不同宽度及水头高度作用下滑坡体的运动距离,对推导的理论公式进行校验。通过对比分析认为,平推式滑坡前缘剪出口地下水排泄状态呈少量点状排泄时,滑坡基底扬压力分布形态整体上与矩形更加接近。为了进一步校验理论公式,进行了第Ⅱ组、第Ⅲ组试验,每组分别固定初始水头高度和初始裂缝宽度,模型设置了前缘整体渗水和完全堵塞两种情况。物理模拟试验验证了理论公式的可靠性和适用性。将理论公式应用于狮子山滑坡运动距离的计算,应用结果表明计算公式适用性良好。研究成果对平推式滑坡防治具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

考虑滑坡渐进破坏的改进简布条分法     

王振  叶晓明  刘永新 《岩土力学》2018,39(2):675-682

为考虑位移因素对于滑坡渐进性发育的影响,基于简布条分法基本原理,提出一个新的能够考虑滑带土抗剪能力与剪切位移关系的滑坡稳定性简化评价方法。该方法从以下两个方面对简布条分法进行了改进：（1）将滑动面剪应力-剪切位移本构模型与沿滑动面的剪切位移模型相结合,以考虑滑坡随着变形发展渐进破坏的过程;（2）提出局部安全系数的概念并对整体安全系数进行重新定义,物理意义更加明确。推导了该方法的计算公式,给出了其迭代计算思路,并编制Matlab计算程序。通过计算实例表明,应变软化边坡的安全系数不仅取决于土的抗剪强度指标,还与其剪应力-剪切位移关系密切相关,基于峰值强度的极限平衡条分法应用于实际工程是偏于危险的。同时该方法还可以有效地模拟边坡从开始破坏到最终滑动面贯通的发育过程,实现了坡体位移与安全系数之间一一对应的定量关系,进而实现边坡的稳定性的预测预报。  相似文献   

平推式滑坡中底滑面承压水渗流形式对其稳定性的影响     

李伟  许强  吴礼舟  李斯琦 《岩土力学》2018,39(4):1401-1410

研究平推式滑坡中承压水渗流形式对滑坡稳定性的影响,有利于准确评价斜坡稳定性,对此类滑坡的成灾机制研究具有重要的理论指导意义。基于承压水渗流宽度变化规律,将平推式滑坡中底滑面承压水渗流形式分为辐射流和非辐射流。依据不同的渗流形式,构建了相应的平推式滑坡分析模型,结合地下水向河渠稳定运动相关理论,推导了不同模型中承压水的水头线方程和滑面上扬压力的计算公式,提出了扬压力的3种分布形式,并对平推式滑坡启动判据进行修正,最后结合滑坡实例分析了不同渗流形式对滑坡稳定性的影响规律。  相似文献